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britannica-pretrain

text stringlengths 358 420k	id stringlengths 16 16	source stringclasses 1 value	title stringlengths 2 80	char_len int32 250 418k	edition stringclasses 15 values	year int32 1.77k 1.93k ⌀	ia_id stringclasses 625 values
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>The</title> <body> THE ELEVENTH EDITION FIRST edition, published in three volume, 1768-1771. SECOND t t* ° »t 1777— 1784. THIRD „ „ eighteen „ 1788— 1797. FOURTH i» twenty „ 1801—1810. FIFTH ii ii twenty „ 1815— 1817. SIXTH ti ••...	b4efaaa078fdcdbd	britannica	The	256	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Seventh</title> <body> SEVENTH •• f* twenty-one „ 1830—1842. EIGHTH tt i> twenty.two „ 1853— 1860, NINTH ti *»» twenty-five „ 1875— 1889. TENTH „ ninth edition and eleven supplementary volumes, 1902—1003. ELEVENTH „ published in twenty-n...	cb5d840115718a40	britannica	Seventh	252	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>A.W.H.</title> <body> A.W.H. CA.B.P Rev. Alfred Ernest Garvie, M.A., D.D. Principal of New College, Hampstead. Member of the Board of Theology and the Board of Philosophy, London University. Author of Studies, in the Junes Life of Jesus, &c Hen...	6b7fd4d21c572895	britannica	A.W.H.*	3,088	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Cf.A</title> <body> CF.A. C.H.H1. C.J.L. 0.1* K. CMo. O.P. CPt. G.EB. C.fl. C.VT.W. D.6.E D.P.T. D.GL D.O.H. D.BL D. Mil D.8.* B.O.B. B.D.B. INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES Chau.es B£kont, Lttt.D. (Oxon.). fHtvot; See the biographical ...	bee6240c4b98b18a	britannica	Cf.A	4,650	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Initials And Headings Of Articles </title> <body> INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES E.D.BO. Edward Dukdas Butler. f n _. Formerly Assistant in the Department of Printed Books. British Museum. Foreign J u ™faiy: LttcraMirn Member of the Hungarian ...	73049312e713e4f1	britannica	Initials And Headings Of Articles **	5,054	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Initials And Headings Of Articles</title> <body> INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES George Gregory Smith, M.A. Author oi Tlu< Henryson. ia- j Giessea. Author of Das via G.O.S. Professor of English Literature, Queen's University of Belfast. Days...	68a82f744cbb7c09	britannica	Initials And Headings Of Articles	4,448	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Initials And Headings Of Articles</title> <body> INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES IX J.B.T, /.Oft. J.B. I. P. P. J. F. fi. B. J. 04. J.G.H. 1.0. S. J.H.A.H. J.H.P. J. H. Mb. J.H.B. M. J. P. J.K.L. J.M.H. J.FwB. J.P.Pi. J. 8. Co. J. IF. J.T....	b7cf977e790379c6	britannica	Initials And Headings Of Articles	4,610	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>J.T.M0</title> <body> J.T.M0. J.T.ft.* J. v.* J.V.I. J.Ws. J.W.* i. W. P. J. W. I*. INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES Joseph Thomas Cunntncham, M.A.. F.Z.S. f Lecturer on Zoology at the, South-western Polytechnic London. Formerly Fellow J Hnrrt...	cf07a26dc6dcbe98	britannica	J.T.M0	593	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Jules Vtard</title> <body> JULES VTARD. Archivist at the National Archives, Paris. Officer of Public Instruction. Author ' of La Frame* sous Philippe VI. de Valois; Ac Jakes Vernon Bartlet, MA, D.D. (St Andrews). Professor of Church History, Mansfield...	9f72ad7f7d8020f9	britannica	Jules Vtard	4,024	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Initials And Headings Of Articles</title> <body> INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES 0. C W. Rbv. Owen Charles Whttehouse, M.A., D.D. f Christ's College. Cambridge. Professor of Hebrew, Biblical Exegesis and Theology, i Hebrew Religion, and Theological T...	9c73920f264791c8	britannica	Initials And Headings Of Articles	9,881	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Initials And Headings Of Articles</title> <body> INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES xiii W. L. 0. William Lawson Grant, M.A. Professor at Queen's University, Kingston, Canada. Formerly Beit Lecturer in . Colonial History at Oxford University. Editor o...	418fa6404b501190	britannica	Initials And Headings Of Articles	2,046	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Principal Unsigned Articles</title> <body> PRINCIPAL UNSIGNED ARTICLES Harrow. Hartford. Hartlepool. Harvard University. Han Mountains. Hat Havana. HawaJL HaxeL Heath. Hebrides, The. Heidelberg Catechism. Heligoland. Heliostat Hellebore. ...	b1dcce0a6ddd27bf	britannica	Principal Unsigned Articles	468	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Eleventh Edition</title> <body> ELEVENTH EDITION HARMONY (Gr. dp/iorfa, a concord of musical sounds, Iptitfur to join; iptionicfi (sc. rxt) meant the science or art of music, /jmntud) being of wider significance), a combination of parts so that the ef...	3792ebf09f99d4a1	britannica	Eleventh Edition	4,945	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Harmony</title> <body> HARMONY doubled a melody in sths and octaves they believed themselves to be doing no more than extending and diversifying the means by which a melody might be sung in unison by different voices. How they came to prefer for this pu...	d16720a1d48fd045	britannica	Harmony	8,870	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Harmony</title> <body> HARMONY the successions of these concords «nd their alternations with discord involved principles at once larger and more subtle than those of mere difference in smoothness and artificiality. Not only was a major chord (or at leas...	3385610573f25e1d	britannica	Harmony	8,594	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Harmony</title> <body> HARMONY variety of find chords seeds a ranch more rigid harmonic scheme to control it, but they can never be Cabined. And when Beethoven an his last " Bagatelle " raises the 6th of a minor scale for the pfeasnre he takes in an une...	a763978f73035584	britannica	Harmony	8,560	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Harmony</title> <body> HARMONY mre survival of ancient customs, at least where great masters are concerned. (This final major chord is known as the Tien it PUardu.) The effect of the minor mode is thus normally plaintive because it centres round the a...	4530e38cbfd27d8e	britannica	Harmony	8,680	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Harmonv</title> <body> HARMONV related to" the minor tonic, it also gives • curioos sens a tion of heiog merely on the dominant instead of t» it; and thus we find that in the few classical examples of a dominant major second subject in a minor sonata-mo...	8d8eb713bcf73af7	britannica	Harmonv	8,829	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Harmony</title> <body> HARMONY connecting links. Haydn's greatest pianoforte sonata (which, being probably his last, is of course No. i in most editions) b in Et», and its slow movement is in Fb. major («*Fb). That key had already appeared, with surpris...	49899d26c397f80a	britannica	Harmony	5,471	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Tables Of Key-Relationships</title> <body> TABLES OF KEY-RELATIONSHIPS A. From Major Tonic \ Direct RcWUooUrpe f III IV V vt Indirect throat* both I and the tecond key Indirect, tfcrooffc I m» vi> Indirect throat* tlit tecood key jb Doubly In...	4fe29d1de3038585	britannica	Tables Of Key-Relationships	539	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>His Vis</title> <body> HIS VIS Aftfftdsi, dfroct Artificial, Indirect 4 II* t-A- vffl'fc tW / Unrelated \lVifch.,V»arvr . Contradictory \t H it» Very rare, but the slow movement of Schubert's C major String Quintet demonstrates it magnific...	ee178ab9e0d8857d	britannica	His Vis	869	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Harmony</title> <body> HARMONY when minor. Thus I represents tonic major, iv represents subdominant minor, and so on. A flat or a sharp after the figure indicates that the normal degree of the standard scale has been lowered or raised a semitone, even w...	3ac53d6227826c41	britannica	Harmony	8,515	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Harmony</title> <body> HARMONY leys of C and Bfl after a -wide series of modulations. The difference would be perceptible enough in immediate juxtaposition, but after some interval of time the memory will certainly accept two keys so near in pitch as id...	865698b176a3ce43	britannica	Harmony	8,718	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Harmotome— Harness</title> <body> HARMOTOME— HARNESS Erlangen (1877^878, 3 vols.). The liturgy of the Lutheran church of Russia has, since 1898, been based on his Lilurgische Formulate (1872). The son pursued his studies at Dorpat (1860-1872) and at Le...	cbf396ecc75c7af7	britannica	Harmotome— Harness	4,435	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Haro— Harp</title> <body> HARO— HARP ii origin, gear* tackle, equipment In general, but early applied particularly to the body armour of a soldier, including the trappings of the horse; now the general term for the gear of an animal used for draft purp...	5cfea5e30a8ae7f4	britannica	Haro— Harp	10,832	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Harp</title> <body> HARP 6( octaves from Mpj^ft E I % f J £ i »t"L i t * *\ e. •_ ..1 - PP Lsi U ,ol '. t ht foi E A, Cfi ita pn nt Presents uie least aimcuity, iot inc iinge cys. The strings are twanged with the tl fingers. The quality of ...	14dc639b678b4393	britannica	Harp	681	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Harp 13</title> <body> HARP 13 foot the stank* bow-form to the uf family (see fig. 2). The Egyptian harp had no front p catgut the teuton and pitch must n I Fig. a. bestowed a wealth of decoration, 1 prized them. The ancient Assyrians had harps with...	7d8fb2b0552fae78	britannica	Harp 13	2,490	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Harpenden— Harpies</title> <body> HARPENDEN— HARPIES than eight major scale*. By a sequence of improvements, in which two Frenchmen named Cousineatf took an important part, the various defects inherent in Hochbrucker's plan became ameliorated. The pedal...	31f8d9a3743e7739	britannica	Harpenden— Harpies	8,934	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Harpignies— Harpsichord</title> <body> HARPIGNIES— HARPSICHORD *5 with beautiful locks, swifter than winds and birds ia their flight, and their domain is the air. In later times their number was increased (Celaeno being a frequent addition and their Le...	9e1b97ba5fd02826	britannica	Harpignies— Harpsichord	8,711	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Harpy— Harrar</title> <body> HARPY— HARRAR the strings, instead of being struck by tangents as in the davi- . chord, or by hammers as in the pianoforte, are plucked by means of a quill firmly embedded in the centred tongue of a jack or upright placed on...	349c2de60bdefea1	britannica	Harpy— Harrar	7,052	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Harratin— Harrigan</title> <body> HARRATIN— HARRIGAN tor the mastery of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Abubekr's successor was Mahommcd III., Ahmed ibn Ibrahim el-Ghaxi (»S°7-»543), surnamed Gran (Granyi), the left-handed. He was not an Arab but, probabl...	c4b33624c5422a68	britannica	Harratin— Harrigan	4,315	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>X11I I</title> <body> X11I I fifteen species are recognised by Bowdler Sbarpe (Ctf. Birds Brit. Museum, L pp. 50-73). In most if not all the harriers the sexes differ greatly in colour, so much so that for a long while the males and females of one of ...	7f6b1243e0d13640	britannica	X11I I*	3,170	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Harriman</title> <body> HARRIMAN, E. H.— HARRINGTON, J. by David Braham. The titles of these plays indicate their character, The Mulligan Guards, Squatter Sovereignly, A Leather Patch, The O' Regans. The partnership with Hart lasted from 1871-1884. Subs...	64013324e6bf6cef	britannica	Harriman	8,396	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols
<encyclopedia> <meta source="britannica" edition="11th" /> <title>Harriot—Harris</title> <body> HARRIOT—HARRIS, J. a gentleman commoner. One of Ms tutors was the famous Chflfingworth. Alter several years spent in travel, and as a soldier in the Dutch army, he returned to England and lived m retirement till 1646, when ...	099d14d19fe36f84	britannica	Harriot—Harris	8,718	11th	null	EncyclopaediaBritannicaDict.a.s.l.g.i.11thed.chisholm.1910-1911-1922.33vols

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britannica-pretrain

Private pretrain documents from Encyclopaedia Britannica scans (Internet Archive OCR *_djvu.txt), indexed via biglam/britannica-illustrated-pages manifest. One Arrow row is one article. No chunking. Trainer reads text.

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<meta source="britannica" edition="11th" year="1911" />
<title>Elasticity</title>
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